Hydragen: An Open-Accessed, Personalized Learning Platform for Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Mass spectrometry (MS) is essential in analytical chemistry education, but effective mastery requires extensive personalized practice, often limited by availability of resources. To address this constraint, the authors developed Hydragen, a free, open-access learning platform that generates personalized multiple-choice questions for MS practice. Utilizing an adaptive algorithm based on the Elo rating system, Hydragen dynamically matches question difficulty to students’ skill levels, maintaining an optimal challenge to foster continuous learning. The platform provides interactive, real-time hints and tailored feedback, reinforcing student proficiency in interpreting MS spectra and identifying characteristic fragmentation patterns. Implemented at both undergraduate and high-school levels, Hydragen improved students’ perceived preparedness and engagement with MS practice, addressing key pedagogical gaps identified in traditional resources. This scalable, innovative solution exemplifies effective integration of adaptive learning technology, demonstrating strong potential to transform personalized chemistry education.